Wednesday, August 26, 2020

How to Use the Spanish Pronoun Se

Instructions to Use the Spanish Pronoun 'Se' Se is without a doubt the most adaptable of the Spanish pronouns. As you learn Spanish, you will go over se utilized in an assortment of ways, typically meaning one of the - self expressions of English, for example, herself or yourself.â Utilizing Se as a Reflexive Pronoun The most well-known utilization of se is a reflexive pronoun. Such pronouns demonstrate that the subject of an action word is likewise its article. In English, this is typically cultivated by utilizing action words, for example, himself or themselves. ​Se is utilized as the reflexive pronoun for third-individual uses (counting when usted or ustedes is the subject). A few action words (as in the last two models underneath) can be utilized reflexively in Spanish despite the fact that they arent interpreted that path in English. Pablo se ve por el espejo. (Pablo sees himself utilizing the mirror.)Los padres no pueden oã ­rse. (The guardians cannot hear themselves.)Rebecca se perjudica por fumar. (Rebecca is harming herself by smoking.)Benjamà ­n Franklin se levantaba temprano. (Benjamin Franklin rose early.)Se comiã ³ los tacos. (He gobbled up the tacos.) Utilizing Se as the Equivalent of the Passive Voice Despite the fact that this utilization of se isnt actually the detached voice, it satisfies a similar capacity. By utilizing se, especially while examining lifeless things, it is conceivable to demonstrate an activity without showing who played out the activity. Syntactically, such sentences are organized similarly that sentences utilizing reflexive action words are. In this way from an exacting perspective, a sentence, for example, se venden coches implies vehicles sell themselves. In reality, be that as it may, such a sentence would be what could be compared to vehicles are sold or, all the more inexactly interpreted, vehicles available to be purchased. Se abren las puertas. (The entryways are opened.)Se vendiã ³ la computadora. (The PC was sold.)Se perdieron los llaves. (The keys were lost.)Se prohibe fumar. (Smoking is disallowed.) Utilizing Se as a Substitute for Le or Les At the point when the aberrant article pronoun le or les is promptly trailed by another pronoun that starts with a l, the le or les is changed to se. This forestalls having two pronouns straight start with the l sound. Dã ©selo an ella. (Offer it to her.)Se lo dijo a à ©l. (He told it to him.)No se lo voy a dar an ellos. (Im not going to offer it to them.) Utilizing the Impersonal Se Se is some of the time utilized in an unoriginal sense with solitary action words to demonstrate that individuals all in all, or no individual specifically, performâ the activity. At the point when se is utilized along these lines, the sentence follows a similar example as those in which the primary action word is utilized reflexively, then again, actually there is no dependent upon the sentence that is expressly expressed. As the models underneath appear, there are an assortment of ways such sentences can be meant English. Se maneja rpidamente en Lima. (Individuals drive quick in Lima.)Se puede encontrar cocos en el mercado. (You can discover coconuts in the market.)Muchas veces se tiene que estudiar para aprender. (Regularly you need to concentrate to learn.)No se debe comer con prisa. (One should not to eat rapidly.) A Caution About a Homonym Se shouldnt be mistaken for sã © (note the highlight mark), which is normally the solitary first-individual present characteristic type of saber (to know). Hence sã © ordinarily implies I know. Sã © can likewise be the particular natural basic type of ser; all things considered it implies you be as an order.

Saturday, August 22, 2020

Knowledge and Emotion Essay Example for Free

Information and Emotion Essay Feeling assumes a major job in picking up information despite the fact that when we don't understand it. In this manner, I concur with the statement, There can be no information without feeling. We might know about a fact, yet until we have felt its power, it isn't our own. by Arnold Bennett, an English writer. As a matter of first importance, with the part, There can be no information without emotion1, it very well may be demonstrated by our experience. For instance, we think about plate tectonics however until you feel it, you cannot have information. Quakes demonstrate that the plate tectonics are moving towards one another, away from one another or slide past one another. Since I live in Japan, quakes can be felt regularly and I have the information on what it resembles to be in a region with bunches of tremors. Likewise, for instance, we can demonstrate that we have information from qualities. Here and there, I feel that I have a similar trademark as my mom when I am conversing with my pets. I talk with them in a gentler voice than when we converse with others. Additionally, my moms family cherishes creatures and I was likewise raised with a creature consistently next to me. At long last I can likewise observe proof from learning material science. I discovered that the vitality is moved into different energies. Previously, I asked why fun balls skiped bring down each time. At the point when I found out about the energies, I picked up the information that the potential vitality was moved into warmth, sound and different energies. From picking up these certainties and encountering it, it gives us information on what it resembles. By encountering these things, it impacts our feeling and gives us the information. In spite of the fact that a few people differ that information can be picked up without feeling, I contend that the announcement isn't correct. Despite the fact that when you pick up something, until you have acknowledged what it is and acknowledged the data, at that point it isn't information. We need to realize the data to pick up the information so to pick up the information we need to encounter it. For instance, I know reality that floods happen and the outcomes just as its impacts however since I have not experienced it previously, I don't have the information on what it resembles to be in a territory, which overwhelmed. Besides, by learning science, I realize that there are illnesses, for example, apoplexy, a blood thickening ailment however since I have not experienced it I don't what it feels like to have apoplexy. Subsequently, I don't yet have the information. Information can be picked up by different methods of realizing, for example, reason, sense discernment and language. Despite the fact that I concur with this, I think these all include the methods of knowing about feeling. At the point when we have motivation to pick up information, we gain the information by acknowledging it and encountering it. At the point when we gain information by sense discernment it is finished by encountering something and acknowledging what is happening in our environmental factors. At long last for language, we are encountering it since we are talking or tuning in to the language. Since all these include the activity of encountering, everything includes feeling. On the off chance that somebody did things unwittingly, I wonder on the off chance that they can get information. Individuals who sleepwalk have been seen eating, dressing, driving vehicles, and numerous different things. Their cerebrum isn't completely closed down. Sleepwalking happens before they are in the condition of quick eye development, or the second they are dreaming.2 They have their eyes open to perceive their environmental factors. Along these lines, I think they are utilizing their sense recognition when they are sleepwalking. Despite the fact that they may not recollect it when they wake up and get befuddled yet I think their cerebrum recalls that it since the mind isn't completely closed when individuals sleepwalk. In this manner information is picked up from encountering things regardless of whether they are sleepwalking which is done unwittingly. Reflexes are likewise done unknowingly. They are done in light of the fact that we have the information on what to excel at to have minimal harm to ourselves. That is the reason we pull our hands back when we contact something hot to lessen the chance of consuming our hand. We attempt to diminish it since we have the information on what will occur in the event that we don't. In the event that we don't grasp our hand back, we realize we are going to consume our hand and feel the agony. At the point when I wake up, I have the reflex of halting the morning timer since I have the information that I need to wake up to go to class. This reflex was done in light of the fact that I had the feeling that I would not like to go to class since I needed to wake up at six oclock toward the beginning of the day. In this way as an end, I consent to a degree with the statement by an English writer, Arnold Bennett of There can be no information without feeling. We might know about a fact, yet until we have felt its power, it isn't our own. Feeling is associated with different methods of knowing and all that we do in our lives. Encountering things offer information to us which gives us feeling whether we do things deliberately or unwittingly.

Thursday, August 20, 2020

The Power of Winning Even When it Looks Like Youre Losing

The Power of Winning Even When it Looks Like You’re Losing Competitive nature I was a late bloomer when it came to the on-line Scrabble game Words with Friends, somehow not discovering the game until last fall. Not surprisingly, I was immediately hooked. As of this writing, I’ve played 136 games, 105 of which I won, 30 of which I lost, and 1 of which I tied (that was my 15-year-old very precocious nephew). I’m a competitive person, and have been since playing backgammon with my dad at a young age. He would never let me win. I like to play to win, and expect others to do the same. When I first started playing Words with Friends, I lost about one out of every three games. Then I discovered the Word Strength tool that tells me if I’ve found the highest possible scoring word. That kicked my level of playing (and my average word score) up a few notches. I always attempt to identify that high-scoring word, even if I don’t end up playing it. If I don’t find it, I feel defeated. Tempted to quit? I have learned something about myself as a competitor: I don’t like to quit. Not finding the highest scoring word feels like quitting. If I’m losing a game, I create a new game for myself to try to close the gap. Sometimes I succeed. I’ll tell you one thing: I have never resigned a game because my opponent played a 100+ point word, or because I was behind by 100 points, or for any other reason. I will always finish my games, and if I lose, I lose fair and square. In fact, as much as I don’t like to lose, winning all the time is almost worse. At one point I amassed a 34-game winning streak and actually complained about it. What was the point of playing if I always won? I am motivated by challenge. I will keep playing someone who beats me every time, because one day I will win and I will feel awesome about that. Not everyone is like me. I had one opponent last week who beat me two games in a row. I was celebrating having a worthy opponent and was excited to keep playing with her; then when I started to beat her by a significant margin in our third game, she abruptly resigned. Similarly, another opponent who pulled out ahead early in our game resigned when I overtook her by changing her word, AZINE, into HYDRAZINE on a triple-word score. What happened to the thrill of the fight? I shared my experience with my hairdresser and she told me about a friend who started a competition amongst her friends as to who could take the most steps in a day. When her friend felt sick the first morning of the challenge, she quit the whole thing. She was that unwilling to lose, or to work hard to come from behind. I’ve heard of people who quit while they’re ahead, which to me means building on your wins and not letting yourself go stale. I’ve recently heard this called “flipping on the up” â€" making a strong move when you’re at a peak to amplify your success. But quitting when you start to fall behind is, to me, a sign of someone who is not willing to feel hurt or to fight through the tough times. Setting yourself up for a comeback In sports, comebacks are the most thrilling stories. You may recall the 2004 Boston Red Sox, the first team ever to come back from a 0-3 record in the American League Championshipâ€"and to then clinch the World Series in a sweep. This was their first World Series win in 86 years. Similarly, in the resume writing world, some of the most powerful bullets are the ones that report a turnaround. Someone who pulled a company, a department or a team out of a slump is a valuable person to have around. That’s a person who doesn’t let bad news get them down. From what I can tell, the best way to stay motivated to win when you’re losing is to believe it’s possible to winâ€"and at the same time that there’s a real possibility of losing. Convincing yourself there’s no way you’ll win will not motivate you, and thinking you’ll always win will also not motivate you. Studies show that teams who are slightly behind are actually more likely to win than the ones slightly ahead. That’s the point where the possibility of winning is real, and so is the possibility of losing. That edge is what gets the adrenaline going and pushes people into high gear. How do you respond when you start falling behind? Do you quit while you’re ahead and use your success to reach your next goal, or do you quit when you think you will lose? How does this show up in your life? Invite me So… Who wants to play Words with Friends with me? Invite me at brandyesq.

Sunday, May 24, 2020

Business Plan - Beauty Salon Free Essay Example, 1500 words

Leasehold expansion will sum to roughly $31,400, and salon apparatus will cost roughly $29,000. The salon owner will put in $700 for cash-on-hand at initial date. Initial Requirements Initial Expenses Rental fee deposit $1,716 Others $0 Total initial Expenses $1,716 Initial Assets Cash needed $600 Additional Current Assets $700 Long-time Assets $60,500 Total Assets $65,500 Total Requirements $67,418 Products and Services Stylin Salon is a fashionable full-service salon that will provide a wide variety of services that incorporate: Nails: pedicures, manicures, sculptured nails and polish. Hair: The services will include curling, cuts, shampoo, weaving, relaxers, waving, colors, and conditioning. Skin Care: The services will include Massage, European facials, and body waxing. Strategy and execution summary Proficiency at what the company will do, ensuring a pleasant environment for clients, and good customer service, will be significant to executing the business plan. Competition Strategy Stylin salon wants to set itself away from other similar salons, which can provide only one or two types of services. Maria operated in such a salon, and she realized, through talking with her customers, that they needed all of the services that the company is proposing. They were very frustrated since they had to get their hair made at one salon, and nails done at another salon. We will write a custom essay sample on Business Plan - Beauty Salon or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/pageorder now Even though the hub of Stylin Salon is hair services, the company desires to provide their customers the expediency of these other services in one salon. There are a several salons like the Stylin salon in Oregon, although they are mostly in the very upper classes parts of Oregon and neighboring areas. The company does not have any intentions to compete with these salons. Instead, it wishes to provide an average ground for those customers who cannot quite pay for those expensive luxury salons. The business environment will be a relaxing one where the service providers can pamper be clients. The salon will offer soft drinks to customers as they go in for service. They will position the TVs in the hair-drying and waiting area. Such unique services and comfort encourage more clients (Cressy 15). Marketing Strategy The salon is going to apply a very simple marketing strategy. Contented customers will be the excellent marketing instrument. Once a customer leaves the salon with a different look, she or he is spreading the identity and superiority to the public. The majority of the customers will be recommendations from on hand clients.

Wednesday, May 6, 2020

Saint Patrick Free Essays

Saint Patrick was born in Kilpatrick, Scotland, in the year 387. His parents are Calphurnius and Conchessa. When Patrick was sixteen, he was carried off into captivity by Irish marauders and was sold as a slave to a chieftan named Milchu in Dalriada. We will write a custom essay sample on Saint Patrick or any similar topic only for you Order Now In Dalriada, he tended his master’s flocks in the valley of the Braid and on the slopes of Slemish. When he was working the fields, he acquired a perfect knowledge of the Celtic tongue. His master was a druidical high priest, in which gave Patrick an opportunity to become familiar with all the details of Druidism from whose bondage he was destined to liberate the Irish race. Warned by an angel after six years, he fled from his cruel master and bent his steps toward the west. He traveled about 200 miles to Westport. He found a ship ready to sail and after some rebuffs was allowed on board. In a few days he arrived in Britain, but now his heart was set on devoting himself to the service of God in the sacred ministry. After wandering in dense forest for twenty-eight days they were found by others and eventually Patrick made it home to his family. He remained with them for a few years, and then decided to pursue the priesthood in answer to dreams he had about returning to Ireland. After a number of years, while he was on a short visit to the continent, probably Gaul, his name was proposed to lead a missionary expedition to Ireland. He set out around the year 432 as a bishop, and went to the headquarters of the Ulaid in Emain Macha, and there established his first church at what is now Armagh. From there he traveled predominantly in the north and west and made many converts, and trained many priests. After some time, his integrity was questioned, resulting in an inquiry at the hands of the British bishops, but he was subsequently vindicated. As the Ulaid were pushed out of more and more territory, Patrick moved with them to spend his last days in Down, from which he wrote his Confession. He died March 17, 461, in Downpatrick, Ireland. Kilpatrick still retains many memorials of Saint Patrick. His feast day, St. Patrick’s Day, is March 17, or the day he died. How to cite Saint Patrick, Essay examples

Tuesday, May 5, 2020

My Mother, My Hero Essay Example For Students

My Mother, My Hero Essay My mother, Luana, was a very compassionate and beautiful person. She was nurturing and attentive to me and my three younger sisters. When I was 12 years old, a friend of mine from school committed suicide and my mother was there with me to comfort me and make me feel better. Having been exposed to something so tragic at a young age, Im glad my mother was there to explain things to me. She cared about people so much that she spent a lot of her time volunteering at a nursing home. My grandmother became really sick and my mother made my grandmother move in with us so she could take care of her. My grandmother was diagnosed with dementia. Dementia is a very hard disease to deal with especially when its a close relative. My mother was patient and compassionate with my grandmother, never losing her patience with her. She instilled this quality in me. My mother was eager to learn new things. I can remember her going to college to become a nurse while raising three daughters, working two jobs, one as a waitress and the other a go-go dancer to help pay the bills and her college. She did all this by herself as a single mom. She became sick at the age of 30 with a heart condition, but this didnt stop her from continuing college and becoming a nurse. She was very talented also. She learned to sew and was an awesome cook. She made most of mine and my two sisters clothes, once again because she was a single struggling mother. I remember her trying to teach me to Hula dance; needless to say I never mastered it. Although I did master some of the recipes she taught me, such as lasagna and Indian fry bread. Three years have gone by; my mother was at the time 33 years old working in a hospital, taking care of myself and now another sister is added to our group. She now had 4 daughters. On July 20, 1980 my mother wasnt feeling very well so she lay down for a couple hours. My aunt had come over to visit so we all went out for lunch. My mother had a heart attack and she passed away in the car on our way home after having lunch. My mother was an inspiration to me and my motivator to be successful. I have pretty much followed in her footsteps. I was a single mother of four children working two jobs to care for my family. I am now married and all my children are grown and gone on to make their families. I also had a heart attack and was without oxygen for 45 minutes with brain damage and was in a coma for two weeks. Doctors told my family that I would never recover. I woke up from my coma and had to learn to walk and talk all over again. I have overcome all that they said I wouldnt be able to do. My mother instilled in me to be a fighter and not give up on my dreams. So here I am in college to become a nurse just as my mother was. In conclusion, my mother had many qualities that motivate me such as being compassionate, eager to learn new things, beautiful, talented and nurturing. My mother has been gone for 34 years now and still to this day she is my motivation and my hero. I miss and love her very much.

Wednesday, April 1, 2020

Being True To Oneself In The Scarlet Letter essays

Being True To Oneself In The Scarlet Letter essays Being True To Oneself In The Scarlet Letter The Scarlet Letter, a novel that takes place in a New England colony, depicts a lady named Hester Prynne who is being punished for committing adultery by wearing a scarlet A on her chest. Hester and her daughter, Pearl, live with disgrace and mocking from the colonists. Reverend Dimmesdale, Pearls father, is also being tortured by his deceptive friend, Doctor Roger Chillingworth, who is Hesters husband. There are many instances of characters not being their true selves. Not being true to ones self causes unhappy consequences. Reverend Dimmesdale suffers for not being his true self. The governor chooses Reverend Dimmesdale to be the judge of Hester. This shows that the people think he is righteous enough to judge her, even though he is just as guilty. Hester takes the blame, but Dimmesdale does not because he is a coward. Reverend Dimmesdale stops being true to himself, and puts on a facade for the colonists so he will not ruin his reputation or lose his job. The only person that Reverend Dimmesdale can show his true self to is Hester. In the darkness of the forest or in the shadows of the night he can be his true self. In the light and brightness of the day he acts as the beloved, respected reverend. He hides his secret for so long that he goes crazy and starts to punish and torture himself. He even carves an A into his chest. He is very unhappy because he knows living a lie is wrong. When he finally reveals himself he dies of shame. Mr. Chillingworth gives up his happiness by hiding his true self. It starts when he decides to not let anyone know that he is Hesters husband. He lives a lie, which makes him unhappy. Chillingworth has to keep this secret and also make sure Hester keeps it a secret. Mr. Chillingworth devotes his life to getting revenge on Reverend Dimmesdale. Chillingworth ...

Saturday, March 7, 2020

Mechanical Weathering Defined and Explained

Mechanical Weathering Defined and Explained Definition: weathering There are five major mechanisms of mechanical weathering: Abrasion is the grinding action of other rock particles due to gravity or the motion of water, ice or air.Crystallization of ice (frost shattering) or certain minerals such as salt (as in the formation of tafoni) can exert enough force to fracture rock.Thermal fracture is the result of rapid temperature change, as by fire, volcanic activity or day-night cycles (as in the formation of grus), all of which rely on the differences in thermal expansion among a mixture of minerals.Hydration shattering may strongly affect clay minerals, which swell with the addition of water and force openings apart. Exfoliation or pressure release jointing results from the stress changes as rock is uncovered after its formation in deep settings. mechanical weathering picture gallery Mechanical weathering is also called disintegration, disaggregation, and physical weathering. Much mechanical weathering overlaps with chemical weathering, and its not always useful to make a distinction. Also Known As: Physical weathering, disintegration, disaggregation

Thursday, February 20, 2020

CIPD NO.3 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

CIPD NO.3 - Essay Example sions in appropriate time while keeping in consideration the important factors that can help in making better decisions or factors that can be effected due to a certain decision made. It is more than often that decisions go wrong and business suffers (Kurtz & Snowden, 2003). This dilemma is not new in organizations and it is important that while making decisions one must; The objective of the learning session is to enhance the decision making abilities of middle and senior managers of the organization, enabling them to make efficient decisions while keeping important environmental factors in consideration. Decision making is the most valued commodity these days and successful leaders aspire to improve their decision making abilities and consistently look for variables that can help them in making more informed decisions. Bad decision making can hurt the repute of the company, result in loss of revenue and lower down the employee morale while good decision making can bring wonders to the organization (Kurtz & Snowden, 2003). Using Cynefin framework, the trainer shall introduce the four decision making situations with appropriate action plans for each while differentiating between ordered and unordered scenarios (Snowden. 2000). A further explanation of how a particular decision delayed can move the issue in to complicated, complex or chaotic situations. Such a transition in situations occur due to wrong assessments, delays and conservative actions. The session also includes use of technology where employees are introduced to software that can help in making better decisions. Software like Microsoft office including project server, Visio and others. Identifying the context is an important aspect of decision making once identified the problem can be resolved by devising the appropriate solution. The learning and development activities used in the learning session on framework for decision making are appropriate because they promote experiential learning, by

Tuesday, February 4, 2020

MGT3301 Service Operations Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

MGT3301 Service Operations Management - Essay Example The library provision of standard material regarding the health services education and practise has always been severely needed the NHS took steps in order to fulfil this need by providing an online database and made the clinician’s enable to make the most of it. In a study conducted by (Taylor, Ellis, & Gallagho 2002) the scope of telephonic advice to patients was examined. It was found that the patients were very much satisfied with the advice given to them, this not only helped the patients but also helped the management in managing the primary care workload. In the same way the internet presence of NHS in shape of NHS Direct also enabled the physicians to educate their patients about their treatment, do’s and don’ts and their diet schedule in a more effective, consistent and timely manner. NHS Direct also helped the physicians to consolidate their relationships with other institutions in order to share their ideas about different discoveries and enhancements in their related field. This process is under way in some parts of the world. Williams & Ropert, (2004) under taken a project in the Universities of Australia and Philadelphia in which eighty-four students were brought together, The main purpose of the project was to determine whether Internet is an effective tool in exchanging ideas and discoveries in a useful manner. The result determined that the use of Internet was useful in exchanging the ideas about a topic, it not only enhanced the knowledge but also opened new dimensions for inquiry and research. The self-service technology or also termed as SST, has so much to do with the efficiency and the effectiveness of the NHS Direct. What really is SST and how does it work as an element of e-business? Cheryl Nakata’s book entitled â€Å"Self-Service Technology failure: Understanding the Customer Perspective† talks about the necessary factors regarding self-0service technology that could contribute to

Monday, January 27, 2020

The Transaction Oriented Middleware

The Transaction Oriented Middleware Middleware is a class of software technologies designed to help manage the complexity and heterogeneity inherent in distributed systems. It is defined as a layer of software above the operating system but below the application program that provides a common programming abstraction across a distributed system. In doing so, it provides a higher-level building block for programmers than Application Programming Interfaces (APIs) such as sockets that are provided by the operating system. This significantly reduces the burden on application programmers by relieving them of this kind of tedious and error-prone programming. Middleware frameworks are designed to mask some of the kinds of heterogeneity that programmers of distributed systems must deal with. They always mask heterogeneity of networks and hardware. Most middleware frameworks also mask heterogeneity of operating systems or programming languages, or both. A few such as CORBA also mask heterogeneity among vendor implementations of the same middleware standard. Finally, programming abstractions offered by middleware can provide transparency with respect to distribution in one or more of the following dimensions: location, concurrency, replication, failures, and mobility. The classical definition of an operating system is the software that makes the hardware useable. Similarly, middleware can be considered to be the software that makes a distributed system programmable. Just as a bare computer without an operating system could be programmed with great difficulty, programming a distributed system is in general much more difficult without middleware, especially when heterogeneous operation is required. Likewise, it is possible to program an application with an assembler language or even machine code, but most programmers find it far more productive to use high-level languages for this purpose, and the resulting code is of course also portable. Usage of Middleware There are various different kinds of middleware that have been developed. These vary in terms of the programming abstractions they provide and the kinds of heterogeneity they provide beyond network and hardware. Generally, middleware services provide a more functional set of application programming interfaces to allow an application to:- Locate transparently across the network, thus providing interaction with another service or application Filter data to make them friendly usable or public via anonymization process for privacy protection (for example) Be independent from network services Be reliable and always available Add complementary attributes like semantics Transaction Oriented Middleware (TOM) (or Distributed Tuples) A distributed relational database offers the abstraction of distributed tuples (i.e. particular instances of an entity), and is the most widely deployed kind of middleware today. It uses Structured Query Language (SQL) which allows programmers to manipulate sets of these tuples in an English-like language yet with intuitive semantics and rigorous mathematical foundations based on set theory and predicate calculus. Distributed relational databases also offer the abstraction of a transaction (which can also be performed using Transactional SQL or TSQL). Distributed relational database products typically offer heterogeneity across programming languages, but most do not offer much, if any, heterogeneity across vendor implementations. Transaction Processing Monitors (TPMs) are commonly used for end-to-end resource management of client queries, especially server-side process management and managing multi-database transactions. As an example consider the JINI framework (built on top of Java Spaces) which is tailored for intelligent networked devices, especially in homes. Advantages Users can access virtually any database for which they have proper access rights from anywhere in the world (as opposed to their deployment in closed environments where users access the system only via a restricted network or intranet) They address the problem of varying levels of interoperability among different database structures. They facilitate transparent access to legacy database management systems (DBMSs) or applications via a web server without regard to database-specific characteristics. Disadvantages This is the oldest form of middleware hence it lacks many features of much recent forms of middleware. Does not perform failure transparency Tight coupling between client and server Remote Procedure Calls A Remote Procedure Call (RPC) is an inter-process communication that allows a computer program to cause a subroutine or procedure to execute in another address space (commonly on another computer on a shared network) without the programmer explicitly coding the details for this remote interaction. That is, the programmer writes essentially the same code whether the subroutine is local to the executing program, or remote. When the software in question uses object-oriented principles, RPC is called remote invocation or remote method invocation. Remote Procedure Call Middleware (RPCM) extends the procedure call interface familiar to virtually all programmers to offer the abstraction of being able to invoke a procedure whose body is across a network. RPC systems are usually synchronous, and thus offer no potential for parallelism without using multiple threads, and they typically have limited exception handling facilities. Advantages Language-level pattern of function call which is easy to understand for programmers. Synchronous request/reply interaction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Natural from a programming language point-of-view à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Matches replies to requests à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Built in synchronization of requests and replies Distribution transparency (in the no-failure case) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Hides the complexity of a distributed system Various reliability guarantees à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Deals with some distributed systems aspects of failure Failure Transparency is performed à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ May be due to network and/or server congestion or client, network and/or server failure à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ In such situations an error maybe returned to programmer, either at once or after the RPC library has retried the operation several times. Disadvantages Synchronous request/reply interaction à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Tight coupling between client and server à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Client may block for a long time if server loaded hence needs a multi-threaded client à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Slow/failed clients may delay servers when replying multi-threading essential at servers Distribution Transparency à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Not possible to mask all problems RPC paradigm is not object-oriented à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Invoke functions on servers as opposed to methods on objects Message Oriented Middleware Message-Oriented Middleware (MOM) provides the abstraction of a message queue that can be accessed across a network. It is a generalization of the well-known operating system construct: the mailbox. It is very flexible in how it can be configured with the topology of programs that deposit and withdraw messages from a given queue. Many MOM products offer queues with persistence, replication, or real-time performance. Advantages Asynchronous interaction Client and server are only loosely coupled Messages are queued Good for application integration Support for reliable delivery service Keep queues in persistent storage Processing of messages by intermediate message server(s) May do filtering, transforming, logging, etc. Networks of message servers Natural for database integration Disadvantages 1) Poor programming abstraction (but has evolved) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Rather low-level (cf. Packets) à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Request/reply more difficult to achieve, but can be done 2) Message formats originally unknown to middleware à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ No type checking (but JMS addresses this in its implementation) 3) Queue abstraction only gives one-to-one communication à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Limits scalability (JMS publisher/subscriber implementation) Java Messaging Service The Java Message Service (JMS) API is a Java Message Oriented Middleware (MOM) API for sending messages between two or more clients. JMS is a part of the Java Platform, Enterprise Edition, and is defined by a specification developed under the Java Community Process as JSR 914. It is a messaging standard that allows application components based on the Java 2 Platform, Enterprise Edition (J2EE) to create, send, receive, and read messages. It allows the communication between different components of a distributed application to be loosely coupled, reliable, and asynchronous. Web Services A web service is a method of communication between two electronic devices. The W3C definition of a web service is as a software system designed to support interoperable machine-to-machine interaction over a network. It has an interface described in a machine-processable format (specifically Web Services Description Language WSDL). Other systems interact with the web service in a manner prescribed by its description using SOAP messages, typically conveyed using HTTP with an XML serialization in conjunction with other Web-related standards. There are two major classes of Web services, REST-compliant Web services and arbitrary Web services. In REST-compliant web services the primary purpose is to manipulate XML representations of Web resources using a uniform set of stateless operations. Whereas in arbitrary web services, the service may expose an arbitrary set of operations. Big web services use Extensible Markup Language (XML) messages that follow the SOAP standard and have been popular with traditional enterprise. In such systems, there is often a machine-readable description of the operations offered by the service written in the Web Services Description Language (WSDL). The latter is not a requirement of a SOAP endpoint, but it is a prerequisite for automated client-side code generation in many Java and .NET SOAP frameworks. IBM MQ Series IBM WebSphere MQ (formerly known as IBM MQSeries) is a message-oriented middleware platform that is part of IBMs WebSphere suite for business integration. Messages are stored in message queues that are handled by queue managers. A queue manager is responsible for the delivery of messages through server-to-server channels to other queue managers. A message has a header and an application body that is opaque to the middleware. No type-checking of messages is done by the middleware. Several programming language bindings of the API to send and receive messages to and from queues exist, among them a JMS interface. WebSphere MQ comes with advanced messaging features, such as transactional support, clustered queue managers for load-balancing and availability, and built-in security mechanisms. Having many features of a request/reply middleware, WebSphere MQ is a powerful middleware, whose strength lies in the simple integration of legacy applications through loosely-coupled queues. Nevertheless, it cannot satisfy the more complex many-to-many communication needs of modern large-scale applications, as it lacks natural support for multi-hop routing and expressive subscriptions. Object Oriented Middleware (OOM) or Distributed Object Middleware (DOM) Object Oriented Middleware provides the abstraction of an object that is remote yet whose methods can be invoked just like those of an object in the same address space as the caller. Distributed objects make all the software engineering benefits of object-oriented techniques encapsulation, inheritance, and polymorphism available to the distributed application developer. Every object-oriented middleware has an interface definition language (IDL) and supports object types as parameters, exception handling and inheritance. It also presents the concept of client and server stubs which act as proxies for servers and clients. The stubs and skeletons are created using the IDL compiler that is provided by the middleware. In addition, the OOM presentation layers need to map object references to the transport format. This is done via marshalling and unmarshalling of serialized objects. Advantages Support for object-oriented programming model Objects, methods, interfaces, encapsulation, etc. Exception handling is supported Synchronous request/reply interaction same as RPC Location Transparency system (ORB) maps object references to locations Services comprising multiple servers are easier to build with OOM RPC programming is in terms of server-interface (operation) RPC system looks up server address in a location service Disdvantages Synchronous request/reply interaction only and therefore ad to implement Asynchronous Method Invocation (AMI) in the technologies. However this led to tight coupling. Distributed garbage collection is available which will automatically release the memory held by unused remote objects OOM is rather static and heavy-weight. This is bad for ubiquitous systems and embedded devices Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) CORBA is a standard for distributed object computing. It is part of the Object Management Architecture (OMA), developed by the Object Management Group (OMG), and is the broadest distributed object middleware available in terms of scope. It encompasses not only CORBAs distributed object abstraction but also other elements of the OMA which address general purpose and vertical market components helpful for distributed application developers. CORBA offers heterogeneity across programming language and vendor implementations. Distributed Component Object Model (DCOM) DCOM is a distributed object technology from Microsoft that evolved from its Object Linking and Embedding (OLE) and Component Object Model (COM). DCOMs distributed object abstraction is augmented by other Microsoft technologies, including Microsoft Transaction Server and Active Directory. DCOM provides heterogeneity across language but not across operating system or tool vendor. COM+ is the next-generation DCOM that greatly simplifies the programming of DCOM. Remote Method Invocation (RMI) Remote Method Invocation (RMI) is a facility provided by Java which is similar to the distributed object abstraction of CORBA and DCOM. RMI provides heterogeneity across operating system and Java vendor, but not across language. However, supporting only Java allows closer integration with some of its features, which can ease programming and provide greater functionality. The RMI compiler generates stubs and skeletons for the coded Client and Server programs. The server class usually inherits from a pre-coded Unicast Remote server object and a security manager is installed. This class is then registered using the RIM Naming service. Any client can look-up a remote server object on the registry; provided its name is known. Reflective Middleware Reflective middleware is simply a middleware system that provides inspection and adaptation of its behavior through an appropriate causally connected self-representation (CCSR). It is a type of flexible object oriented middleware for mobile and context-awareness applications. Its adaptation to context is through the monitoring and substitution of components. It also provides interfaces for reflection and customizability. Objects can inspect the middleware behavior and it allows for dynamic reconfiguration depending on the behavior. Advantages It is more adaptable to its environment and better able to cope with change Useful in hostile and/ or dynamic environments More suited for multimedia, group communication, real-time and embedded environments, handheld devices and mobile computing environments Event Driven Middleware This is new underlying communication paradigm for building large-scale distributed systems on top of a middleware. Event-based communication is a viable new alternative for the above mentioned middleware types and it uses events as the basic communication mechanism. First, event subscribers, i.e. clients, express their interest in receiving certain events in the form of an event subscription. Then event publishers, i.e. servers, publish events which will be delivered to all interested subscribers. As a result, this model naturally supports a decoupled, many-to-many communication style between publishers and subscribers. A subscriber is usually indifferent to which particular publisher supplies the event that it is interested in. Similarly, a publisher does not need to know about the set of subscribers that will receive a published event. Advantages Asynchronous communication à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Publishers and subscribers are loosely coupled Many-to-many interaction between pubs. and subs. à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Scalable scheme for large-scale systems à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Publishers do not need to know subscribers, and vice-versa à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Dynamic join and leave of pubs, subs, (brokers see lecture DS-8) Topic and Content-based pub/sub very expressive à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Filtered information delivered only to interested parties à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¢ Efficient content-based routing through a broker network Hermes This is a scalable, event-based middleware architecture that facilitates the building of large-scale distributed systems. Hermes has a distributed implementation that adheres to the design models developed in the previous chapter. It is based on an implementation of a peer-to-peer routing layer to create a self-managed overlay network of event brokers for routing events. Its content-based routing algorithm is highly scalable because it does not require global state to be established at all event brokers. Hermes is also resilient against failure through the automatic adaptation of the overlay broker network and the routing state at event brokers. An emphasis is put on the middleware aspects of Hermes so that its typed events support a tight integration with an application programming language. Two versions of Hermes exist that share most of the codebase: an implementation in a large-scale, distributed systems simulator, and a full implementation with communication between distributed event brokers. Advantages Logical Network of Self-Organizing Event Brokers (P2P) Scalable Design and Routing Algorithms Expressive Content-Based Filtering Clean Layered Design Cambridge Event Architecture (CEA) The Cambridge Event Architecture (CEA) was created in the early 90s to address the emerging need for asynchronous communication in multimedia and sensor-rich applications. It introduced the publish-register-notify paradigm for building distributed applications. This design paradigm allows the simple extension of synchronous request/reply middleware, such as CORBA, with asynchronous publish/subscribe communication. Middleware clients that become event sources (publishers) or event sinks (subscribers) are standard middleware objects. First, an event source has to advertise (publish) the events that it produces; for example, in a name service. In addition to regular methods in its synchronous interface, an event source has a special register method so that event sinks can subscribe (register ) to events produced by this source. Finally, the event source performs an asynchronous callback to the event sinks notify method (notify) according to a previous subscription. Note that event filtering happens at the event sources, thus reducing communication overhead. The drawback of this is that the implementation of an event source becomes more complex since it has to handle event filtering. Despite the low latency, direct communication between event sources and sinks causes a tight coupling between clients. To address this, the CEA includes event mediators, which can decouple event sources from sinks by implementing both the source and sink interfaces, acting as a buffer between them. Chaining of event mediators is supported but general content-based routing, as done by other distributed publish/subscribe systems, is not part of the architecture.

Sunday, January 19, 2020

Chaucers Views on Women: Griselda and the Wife of Baths the Loathly L

Chaucer's Views on Women: Griselda and the Wife of Bath's the Loathly Lady As a man fascinated with the role of women during the 14th Century, or most commonly known as the Middle Ages, Chaucer makes conclusive evaluations and remarks concerning how women were viewed during this time period. Determined to show that women were not weak and humble because of the male dominance surrounding them, Chaucer sets out to prove that women were a powerful and strong-willed gender. In order to defend this argument, the following characters and their tales will be examined: Griselda from the Clerk's Tale, and the Wife of Bath, narrator to the Wife of Bath's Tale. Using the role of gender within the genres of the Canterbury Tales, exploring each woman's participation in the outcomes of their tales, and comparing and contrasting these two heroines, we will find out how Chaucer broke the mold on medievalist attitudes toward women. Chaucer introduces us to several types of women in the General Prologue of his famous work the Canterbury Tales. Among these women are women of rank and social status: the Prioress, the Nun, and the Wife of Bath. Although they are surrounded by various types of men, these women told tales that made men think twice about crossing their paths. As we read about these women in the prologue, we also get a sense of whom they are: they have money, authority, and an air about them that suggests that they are not just on the pilgrimage just to save their own souls (the Wife of Bath definitely shows this trait better than her religious counterparts.) However, it is not just the women who stand for their sisters; the Clerk jumps on the female bandwagon with a tale of his own. Gender provides a way of reading aspects o... ...n, Lesley. (1994). Feminist Readings in Middle English Literature: The Wife of Bath and All Her Sect. Routledge: London. (pgs 72-73, 196-203) Hansen, Elaine Tuttle. (1992). Chaucer and the Fictions of Gender. University of California Press, Ltd: England. (pgs 188-208). Mitchell, J. Allan. (2005). Chaucer's Clerk's Tale and the Question of Ethical Monstrosity. Studies in Philology. Chapel Hill: Winter 2005. Vol.102, Iss. 1; pg. 1, 26 pgs Rigby, Stephen Henry. (2000). The Wife of Bath, Christine de Pizan, and the Medieval Case for Women. Chaucer Review, (pgs 133-165) Stanbury, Sarah. (1997). Regimes of the Visual in Premodern England: Gaze, Body, and Chaucer's Clerk's Tale. New Literary History 28.2, (pgs 261-289) Weisl, Angela Jane. (1995). Conquering the Reign of Femeny: Gender and Genre in Chaucer's Romance. D.S. Brewer: Cambridge, (pgs 2-3, 91-96)

Saturday, January 11, 2020

Political Dynasty Essay

The Philippine Constitution is a Social Contract which embodies the fundamental principles and policies, according to which the Filipino people are governed by the State. The fundamental principles are abstract and as such they cover every aspect of the life of the Filipino people; while the fundamental policies cover specific areas of application of those principles. The fundamental principles remain fixed and permanent, but the policies built upon those principles can be modified or repealed by legislation to suit the needs of the times. The title is product of my out of the box philosophizing about the provisions of Section 1 and Section 26 taken together of Article II of our Constitution. I must say that philosophizing does not tell us my conclusions and/or thoughts are right or wrong, true or false, but it has certainly given me the basis upon which to present my meta-understanding of Section 1 and Section 26: Article II, Section 1 says: â€Å"The Philippines is a democratic and republican state. Sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. † This is the most basic principle of the Constitution, and it refers to a natural law as formulated and accepted in the mind; it refers also to essential truth upon which other truths are based. Article II, Section 26: â€Å"The State shall guarantee equal access to opportunities for public service, and prohibit political dynasties as may be defined by law. † This is a policy built upon the principle of Section 1, and it refers to a planned line of conduct in the light of which individual decisions on political dynasties are made and coordination is achieved. Moreover, political dynasties refer to the line of politicians of the same families. Every coin has two inseparable opposite sides – the head and the tail – yet they complement each other as they are opposed to each other to constitute only one coin. Similarly, the political issue on dynasty has two opposite yet complementary sides (a) â€Å"the principle of political dynasty† of Section 1 and (b) the â€Å"the policy of political dynasty† of Section 26. Both Sections constitute one Article II. The policy of Section 26 names the specific area of application of the principle of Section 1 of the same Article II. The policy of Section 26 is built upon the basic principle of Section 1. Moreover, the fundamental principle of Section 1 remain fixed and permanent, but policies of Section 3 can be are modified or repealed by legislation to suit the needs and demands of the times. The People: The Creators and Masters of Political Dynasties The phrase – â€Å"sovereignty resides in the people, and all government authority emanates from them† – clearly shows that the people are the habitat of the sovereignty. However, â€Å"people† have two distinct yet mutually complementary meanings, namely, â€Å"people as electorate† which is the source of political power of elected politicians and â€Å"people as corporate nation† which is the reason for being of elected politicians. These â€Å"dual meanings of people† effectively signify that the elected politicians are â€Å"public servants† of the people; hence the people are their â€Å"boss and master† in our democratic and republican state, not the way around By virtue of their sovereign power, the people are superior to any and all existing political dynasties, whose reason for being is service to their masters, the people. On moral grounds, the people must be awakened to the reality that they are the boss of political dynasties, and therefore they have no reason to fear the, before, during, and after political elections. Centrality of Morality in the Constitution The centrality of morality to our Constitution is evident in the Preamble, in the imploration to Almighty God for aid to build a just and humane society and to establish a Government that shall embody the Filipino ideals and aspirations and promote their common good under a regime of truth, justice, freedom, love, equality, and peace. The rest of the Constitution revolves around these moral ideals and moral values. These are the moral foundations of the Social Ethics Society. There are socio-economic phenomena in many areas of the country where the life-style and the exercise of political power by political dynasties is betrayal of public trust, because it is not in accord with the following moral imperatives and criteria of right and wrong in public service: â€Å"Public office is a public trust. Public officers and employees must at all times accountable to the people, serve them with utmost responsibility, integrity, loyalty, and efficiency; act with patriotism and justice, and lead modest life†. (Article X on Accountability) Every elected politician in the public service is bound to abide by those mandates. Congress had passed anti-graft and anti-corruption laws, e. g. RA No. 6713, also known as Code of Ethics for Government Officials and Employees, in the public service. However, it appears that many of our elected politicians pay only â€Å"lip service† to anti-Graft and Anti-Corruptions laws. For instance, there are widespread phenomena of bribery and corruption in the public service, reportedly perpetuated by corrupt politician, many of whom are allegedly members of political dynasties. Centrality of Morality to Legality The Preamble provides the moral grounds and the foundation of ethical politics of several Articles of the Constitution. No statutory law is enforceable if it is unconstitutional; and the Constitution cannot be enforced if it is immoral. The bottom line – any enabling law on political dynasty is legally binding upon the Filipinos, only if it is constitutional and moral. A law that is moral is always constitutional, but a law that is constitutional is not necessarily moral. A Moral and Ethical Proposal I believe the policy of Section 26 which â€Å"prohibits political dynasties as may be defined by law† has two distinct opposite sides, (1) â€Å"the letter of the Constitution† which is the legalistic side, and (2) the â€Å"spirit of the Constitution† which is the ethical side. The pro-political dynasty advocates and promoters behave in accord with legal politics. Their action is legal so long as there is no law defining and enabling the constitutional prohibition against political dynasties. Therefore, the anti-dynasty advocates and promoters should stand on moral and ethical grounds against political dynasties. It is my proposal on moral and ethical grounds that the anti-dynasty advocates should develop and promote the concept of â€Å"political dynasty of the people† based on the principle of Section 1 face-to-face the â€Å"political dynasties of oligarchs† based on the policy of Section 26 but built upon the principle of Section 1. When there is a conflict between a principle and its policy, the principle should prevail over its policy. Moral, Ethical, and Legal Practices in Politics Moral and ethical are similar in meaning in that they both have to do with the difference between right and wrong. They are dissimilar in meaning in that ethical tends to refer to a code, system, theory, or standard of judging rightness or wrongness of moral behavior; whereas moral tends to refer to more concrete choices and issues that arouse strong feelings. In other words, moral refers to good and evil, while ethical refers to right and wrong. Because of the untruthful disclosure of his SALN per Code of Ethics, former SC Chief Justice Renato Corona was found ethically wanting for which he was impeached, despite his superior legalistic knowledge of law; Hence, we could say that â€Å"what is moral is always ethical, but what is ethical is not necessarily moral. † Hence, when an elected politician acts according to RA 6714, his behavior is ethical as well as legal – â€Å"what is ethical is always legal, but what is legal is not necessarily ethical†. The Pursuit of Ethical Politics Our major problem in the pursuit of ethical politics is the lack of political will on the part of the people as electorate. Let us awaken and educate their political consciousness, and empower their political will by making them conscious of their being the political dynasty that is superior over all existing political dynasties of oligarchs† per mandate of Article II, Section 1 that the people are the habitat of sovereign power, but the exercise of such pwer is delegated and vested upon elected politicians. Assume that Congress would never pass the law enabling the policy against political dynasties; let us then resort to the principle of Section 1 in Article II. This principle does not require any enabling law because it is precisely the ultimate basis of all enabling laws. This is the principle why the political candidates try to win the votes of the people during political campaigns. We have indeed laws prescribing the requirements of the policy to vote. The Social Ethics Society can start the movement to marginalize the political dynasties,, if not altogether eliminate them eventually from the political landscape of the Philippine.

Friday, January 3, 2020

What a Christian Believes about Anthropology Essays

What a Christian Believes about Anthropology nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;â€Å"Anthropology in general refers to any study of the status, habits, customs, relationships and culture of humankind. In a more specific and theological sense, anthropology sets forth the scriptural teachings about humans as God’s creatures. Christian anthropology recognizes that humans are created in God’s image but that sin has in some way negatively affected that image† (Grenz, Guetzki, and Nordling 11). In other words, anthropology is the study of how God created us uniquely in his image, and how sin affected the image. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;On the sixth day, God made male and female in his image, and he saw that it was very good (Genesis 1:27, 31).†¦show more content†¦God did not change his mind about who he would accept as the chosen, but when Jesus died on the cross, He opened the doors to everyone who accepts Christ to be God’s child. This label of being God’s child show that God wants to be in a relationship with His creation. Man was made uniquely in the image of God. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In the Garden of Eden, God only had on commandment, which was â€Å"You are free to eat from any tree in the garden; but you must not eat from the tree of knowledge of good and evil, for when you eat of it you will surely die† (Genesis 2:16). This was a very reasonable request that God made of Adam and Eve. God made all of creation for man and asked them to do one thing: to not eat from one certain tree. He gave them reign over all the other trees but this was not enough for man. The reason for the forbidden treat was to give humans free will in their choice. Man was tricked by Satan and ate the fruit from the tree. Before the fruit was eaten God’s and man’s relationship was perfect; Adam walked with God (Genesis 3:8). Once the fruit was eaten, the relationship between God and man was never the same. 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